Turkey Wikipedia. Coordinates 3. 9N3. E 3. 9N 3. 5E 3. Turkey   listen Turkish Trkiyetycije, officially the Republic of Turkey Turkish  Trkiye Cumhuriyeti helpinfo pronounced tycije dumhuijeti, is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries with Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest Georgia and Armenia to the northeast the Azerbaijaniexclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east and Iraq and Syria to the south. The country is encircled by seas on three sides with the Aegean Sea to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia and separate Europe and Asia. Ankara is the capital while Istanbul is the countrys largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Approximately 7. 0 8. Perhaps the most important contributor to Airbus Industries success as an airliner manufacturer, the four member A320 family is a significant sales success and a. Download the free trial version below to get started. Doubleclick the downloaded file to install the software. Turks. 89 Kurds are the largest minority at about 2. Circassians, Albanians, Arabs, Bosniaks and Laz. Minority languages spoken today in Turkey include Kurmanji, Arabic, Zaza, Kabardian and several others. The area of Turkey has been inhabited since the Paleolithic age by various ancient Anatolian civilisations, as well as Assyrians, Greeks, Thracians, Phrygians, Urartians and Armenians. After Alexander the Great conquered these lands, the area was Hellenized, a process which continued under the Roman Empire and its transition into the Byzantine Empire. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 1. Turkification, which was accelerated by the Seljuk victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1. Turkish beyliks. 2. From the end of the 1. Ottomans started uniting Anatolia and created an empire that encompassed much of Southeast Europe, West Asia and North Africa. The Ottoman Empire reached its peak land mass and became a world power during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent in the early modern period. It remained powerful and influential for two more centuries, until important setbacks in the 1. Europe, which signaled the loss of its former military strength and wealth. After the 1. 91. 3 Ottoman coup dtat, which effectively put the country under the control of the Three Pashas, the Ottoman Empire decided to join the Central Powers during World War I. The Central Powers were ultimately defeated by the Allied Powers. During the war, the Turkish government committed genocides against its Armenian, Assyrian and Pontic Greek subjects. I2. Following the war, the conglomeration of territories and peoples that formerly comprised the Ottoman Empire was partitioned into several new states. The Turkish War of Independence, initiated by Mustafa Kemal Atatrk and his colleagues against occupying Allies, resulted in the abolition of monarchy in 1. Republic of Turkey in 1. Atatrk as its first president. Atatrk enacted numerous reforms, many of which incorporated various aspects of western thought, philosophy, and customs into the new form of Turkish government. WPU-038_pic11.jpg' alt='Airbus Series Vol.1 Deluxe Edition' title='Airbus Series Vol.1 Deluxe Edition' />Turkey is a charter member of the UN, an early member of NATO, the IMF and the World Bank, and a founding member of the OECD, OSCE, BSEC, OIC and G 2. After becoming one of the first members of the Council of Europe in 1. Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1. EU Customs Union in 1. Airbus Series Vol.1 Deluxe Edition' title='Airbus Series Vol.1 Deluxe Edition' />European Union in 2. Turkeys economy and diplomatic initiatives led to its recognition as a regional power while its location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history. Best Way To Search For Rapidshare Links'>Best Way To Search For Rapidshare Links. Turkeys current administration headed by president Recep Tayyip Erdoan has reversed many of the countrys earlier reforms which had been in place since the founding of the modern republic of Turkey, such as Freedom of the Press, and a Legislative System of Checks and Balances. A set of standards for secularism in government, as first enacted by Atatrk have also diminished in favour of conservative religionist governance, to the grievance of much of the Turkish public. Etymology. The name of Turkey Turkish Trkiye can be divided into two components the ethnonym. Trk and the abstract suffixiye meaning owner, land of or related to originally derived from the Greek and Latin suffixes ia in Tourkia and Turchia and later from the corresponding Arabic suffixiyya in Turkiyya. The first recorded use of the term Trk or Trk as an autonym is contained in the Old Turkicinscriptions of the Gktrks Celestial Turks of Central Asia c. I/51Evnxdbb7L.jpg' alt='Airbus Series Vol.1 Deluxe Edition' title='Airbus Series Vol.1 Deluxe Edition' />AD 7. The Turkic self designation Trk is first attested in reference to the Gktrks in the 6th century AD. A letter by Ishbara Qaghan to Emperor Wen of Sui in 5. Great Turk Khan. 3. An early form of the same name may be reflected in the form of tie le or tu jue, name given by the Chinese to the people living south of the Altay Mountains of Central Asia as early as 1. BC. 3. 7 The Greek name, Tourkia Greek was used by the Byzantineemperor and scholar. Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus in his book De Administrando Imperio,3. Turks always referred to Magyars. Similarly, the medieval Khazar Empire, a Turkic state on the northern shores of the Black and Caspian seas, was referred to as Tourkia Land of the Turks in Byzantine sources. However, the Byzantines later began using this name to define the Seljuk controlled parts of Anatolia in the centuries that followed the Battle of Manzikert in 1. The medieval Greek and Latin terms did not designate the same geographic area now known as Turkey. Instead, they were mostly synonymous with Tartary, a term including Khazaria and the other khaganates of the Central Asian steppe, until the appearance of the Seljuks and the rise of the Ottoman Empire in the 1. Turkic expansion. By contrast, the Persian derivation Turkestan remains mostly applied to Central Asia. The name is derived from the ethnic self designation Trk, as Turkestan is a Persian or Persianate term meaning abode of the Turks. The Modern Persian word is a derivation with the Arabic nisba suffix. The name for Turkey in the Turkish language, Trkiye, also contains the nisba suffix iye. The Arabic cognate Turkiyya Arabic in the form Dawla al Turkiyya State of the Turks was historically used as an official name for the medieval Mamluk Sultanate which covered Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Hejaz and Cyrenaica. The Icelandic word Tyrkland, and the Hungarian word Trkorszg, i. Carta De Hogwarts Personalizada Pdf. Turk land, use native forms of derivation. History. Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace. The Anatolian peninsula, comprising most of modern Turkey, is one of the oldest permanently settled regions in the world. Fairly Oddparents Shadow Showdown Pc on this page. Various ancient Anatolian populations have lived in Anatolia, from at least the Neolithic period until the Hellenistic period. Many of these peoples spoke the Anatolian languages, a branch of the larger Indo European language family. In fact, given the antiquity of the Indo European Hittite and Luwian languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical centre from which the Indo European languages radiated. The European part of Turkey, called Eastern Thrace, has also been inhabited since at least forty thousand years ago, and is known to have been in the Neolithic era by about 6.